Tree frog attachment: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives

Challenges and Perspectives toward Development of more Effective Influenza Vaccine

Influenza viruses continue to be a major health threat in human and bird populations. The improvements in formulation and production level of the current influenza vaccines are not sufficient to afford complete protection. The continuous antigenic drifts and emergence of endemic and zoonotic strains make influenza vaccine planning difficult. Concern about the emergence of new influenza pandemic...

On Defining African Philosophy: History, Challenges, and Perspectives

Down Syndrome: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Down syndrome (DS) is a birth defect with huge medical and social costs, caused by trisomy of whole or part of chromosome 21. It is the most prevalent genetic disease worldwide and the common genetic cause of intellectual disabilities appearing in about 1 in 400-1500 newborns. Although the syndrome had been described thousands of years before, it was named after John Langdon Down who described ...

asthma control challenges: global and national perspectives

Soft Robotics: Challenges and Perspectives

There has been an increasing interest in the use of unconventional materials and morphologies in robotic systems because the nderlying mechanical properties (such as body shapes, elasticity, viscosity, softness, density and stickiness) are crucial research opics for our in-depth understanding of embodied intelligence. The detailed investigations of physical system-environment interctions are pa...